The HAIF Framework

A four-phase methodology for integrating acupuncture and acupressure into hospital practice, grounded in the EPIS (Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment) model from implementation science.

Why a Framework? Despite strong clinical evidence, acupuncture and acupressure have not been translated into hospital practice in a systematic manner. The HAIF framework addresses the human, organisational, and environmental factors that determine whether an evidence-based intervention succeeds or fails in a real clinical setting.
Phase 1 Exploration Phase 2 Preparation Phase 3 Implementation Phase 4 Sustainment HAIF EPIS Framework

The Four Phases

Phase 1: Exploration

Identify internal needs, assess available interventions, form the implementation team, gauge staff and patient perspectives, evaluate organisational readiness, and understand cost and funding requirements.

Begin exploration →

Phase 2: Preparation

Develop strategies to leverage enablers and address barriers identified in Phase 1. Assess intervention feasibility, determine timing, identify suitable patient groups, revise hospital guidelines, and assign team roles.

Plan your preparation →

Phase 3: Implementation

Execute the plan using evidence-based implementation strategies: educational meetings, opinion leaders, audit and feedback, training packages, management engagement, and staged rollout approaches.

Launch implementation →

Phase 4: Sustainment

Normalise the intervention into routine clinical practice. Address outer factors (leadership, inter-organisational links, funding) and inner factors (fidelity, staffing, coaching) to ensure lasting adoption.

Sustain your programme →

Who Is This Framework For?

The HAIF framework is designed for any hospital team considering or undertaking acupuncture or acupressure implementation. While PONV (post-operative nausea and vomiting) serves as the primary worked example throughout, the four-phase methodology applies to any clinical application of acupuncture in a hospital setting — including pain management, emergency department presentations, and perioperative care.

Getting Started? Begin with Phase 1: Exploration Want Examples? See real-world implementation case studies

Last reviewed: April 2026